8th Class Geography Unit 6 Social and Economic Development MCQs | PAKMCQs

In geography, development refers to the economic and social growth of a country. Development also includes standard of living and quality of life.

Severe climatic conditions, unequal distribution of natural resources and vulnerable areas to natural hazards are some of the influential factors that make the development difficult.

Development can be measured by comparing one country with another on the basis of multiple indicators such as social, economic, and human.

Such indicators of development can be divided into two broad categories: 1. Economic Development Indicators 2. Human Development Indicators.

GDP represents the total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced usually in one year, within a country.

GNP is referred to the total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country's citizens in a given financial year. It also includes income received from other countries and excludes income earned by foreign residents.

The World Bank has replaced GNP with Gross National Income (GNI).

Wealth inequality is also known as wealth gap. It is the unequal distribution of wealth or a gap between the rich and the poor in a country.

Inflation is the constant increase in aggregate prices of services and goods. It leads to devaluation of the currency, which eventually lowers the purchasing power.

Unemployment is the state of economy where the individuals are unable to get jobs even though they are eligible for employment. It is due to unavailability of work.

Unemployment rate in Pakistan is about 4.70% in 2022.

Human development indicators measure the non-economic aspects of a country's development, especially in three broad areas: health, education and standard of living or per capita income.

HDI measures range from 0 to 1. HDI between 0.8 and 1 is high, between 0.6 and 0.4 is low.

Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-Haq developed the Human Development Index (HDI) and was promoted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990.

Three broad areas: health, education and standard of living or per capita income.

Developed Countries are countries that are developed in terms of economy and industrialization with high per capita income (above $12,000).

Developing countries are going through the initial levels of industrial development along with moderate per capita (between $1,000 and $12,000).

Under developed countries are less developed economically than others, with little industry and little money spent on education and health with very low levels of per capita income (less than $1,000).

According to United Nations, there are 36 developed countries and 156 developing countries.

Only about one-fifth of the world's people live in developed countries. Population growth rate is low. Most engaged in tertiary or quaternary activities. Well established infrastructure.

About 80% of the people in the world live in developing countries. Population growth rate is high. Most engaged in primary and secondary economic activities. Poor infrastructure.

Geographers categorize human economic activities into five groups: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary.

Primary activities are directly related to the nature or extraction of resources of the Earth. Agriculture, livestock farming, forestry, fishing, mining.

Secondary activities use raw materials produced by primary activities and change their form into more valuable finished goods. Include industry, manufacturing and construction.

Tertiary activities provide a wide range of services to primary and secondary activities. Include clerical and financial services, trade, transport and communication.

Quaternary activities are related to special type of services often closely linked to tertiary activities. Examples: Educational Services, Health Services, Recreational Services and Information Technology.

Quinary activities are relatively new and associated with high intellectuals. Scientists, researchers, policy makers, and top executives are some of the professionals engaged in quinary activities.

High inflation leads to low investment and low economic growth. High unemployment leads to negative impact because unemployed people waste resources without contributing.

A good healthcare system improves productivity and increases quality of life. Expectancy rate is high in developed countries, similarly infant mortality rate is low.

Technological advancement allows countries to produce high quality goods in a short time. Improves efficiency of labour. Transforms world into a global village.

OECD is a group of 38 countries founded in 1961 in France to improve economic and social conditions of the member countries. It provides policy solutions to governments.

Geographical location significantly influences trade routes, access to resources, and economic opportunities, making it a key factor in global development.

Development is broadly divided into two main categories: Economic development and Social development.

The wealth gap refers to the unequal distribution of assets and wealth among residents of a nation or globally.

Inflation refers to the general rise in prices, which reduces the purchasing power of money over time.

An individual's standard of living is directly proportional to their level of income, determining their access to goods, services, and comfort.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period.

High inflation creates economic uncertainty, reduces purchasing power, and hinders sustainable economic development.

Unemployment occurs when people are actively searching for work but are unable to find employment.

The majority of the global population resides in developing countries (emerging economies) rather than fully developed nations.

Technological development provides green innovations, resource efficiency, and solutions crucial for achieving sustainable development goals.